During a heart attack, women are more likely to experience symptoms unrelated to chest pain and are at a heightened risk for developing signs of heart failure. These disparities lead to atypical heart disease symptoms in women, necessitating refined diagnostic approaches like adjusted high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) tests. Since women have inherently lower baseline troponin levels compared to men, lower threshold values have been established for them in heart attack diagnosis. This sex-specific adjustment allows for a "positive" hs-cTn result to be interpreted differently between sexes, enhancing the test's diagnostic accuracy. (1) 

However, leading experts in the field have noted that not all hs-cTn assays meet the required sensitivity for women. For instance, in a 2020’s article by Apple et.al, the teams’ findings have important clinical implications in that sex-specific 99th percentiles varied according to the statistical method and hs-cTn assay used. (2) Moreover, the differences in each assay’s ability to detect the multiple circulating forms are related to each manufacturer’s choice of antibodies used in their hs-assay and how well they can detect the multiple forms of cTn circulating, as showed by Katrukha et al. (3) 

HyTest's innovation in cardiac diagnostics, particularly in troponins, aligns with this diagnostic need. We have positioned ourselves at the forefront of cardiovascular diagnostics by developing innovative markers for assessing and preventing cardio vascular disease (CVD) risks. Our commitment to scientific excellence has resulted in the creation of high-quality reagents, which are now utilized by prominent diagnostics companies globally. With a particular emphasis on cardiac troponins, our portfolio spans a comprehensive range of cardiac biomarkers, designed to cover aspects ranging from the prognosis (hsTnI, hsTnT, Lp-PLA2, MPO, IGFBP-4 fragments, hs-CRP) and diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) (hsTnI, hsTnT, FABP, Myoglobin) to the detection of heart failure (proBNP, BNP, NT-proBNP, ST2). For more detailed information, please refer to our Cardiac Markers Brochure.  

Over the past two decades, our scientists have made significant contributions to the field, not only through peer-reviewed publications but also by actively participating in standardization committees like the IFCC and AACC. We are committed to innovating in cardiac marker research, consistently introducing products designed for higher sensitivity and specificity in cardiac immunoassays. We are especially proud of our range of nearly 50 specially selected antibodies targeting various cTnI molecule epitopes, and our cardiac troponin and troponin complex antigens. 

In our quest to raise awareness about women's heart health, our unwavering commitment to quality and innovation places us at the vanguard of delivering precise, accurate, and gender-specific diagnostic solutions. United in our efforts, we are poised to deepen our understanding of heart disease, paving the way for a brighter, healthier future for all. 

References:  

1. Sandoval, Y., Apple, F. S., Mahler, S. A., Body, R., Collinson, P., & Jaffe, A. S. (n.d.). High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and the 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guidelines for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Acute Chest Pain. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.122.059678.  

2. Apple FS, Wu AHB, Sandoval Y, et al. Sex-Specific 99th Percentile Upper Reference Limits for High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays Derived Using a Universal Sample Bank. Clin Chem. 2020;66(3):434-444.  

3. Vylegzhanina AV, Kogan AE, Katrukha IA, Koshkina EV, Bereznikova AV, Filatov VL, et al. Full-size and partially truncated cardiac troponin complexes in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 2019;65:882–92.